John R. Vile. Documents of the American Revolution. Rodney knew very well that, now unable to go to England for treatment of his terrible cancer, he would die an early and horrible death. John Witherspoon [electronic resource]. Collection Overview . . Dr. Benjamin Rush wrote "At Princeton I met my wife's father who had been plundered of all his household furniture and stock by the British army, and carried a prisoner to New York, from whence he was permitted to return to his family upon parole. Witherspoon was a very active member of congress, serving on more than a hundred committees through his tenure and debating frequently on the floor. He died from 9 April 1804 to 2 April 1805, in Salem . Declaration House | 1777."[10]. Stockton was appointed by Congress, along with fellow signer George Clymer, to an exhausting two-month journey to Fort Ticonderoga, Saratoga and Albany, New York to assist the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War. Philip Livingston lost two homes and much of his business property, but was able to sell some of his remaining holdings to help maintain the credit of the United States. On June 26th, this Livingston petitioned the New York Assembly so that he could leave the state convention and rejoin Congress in Philadelphia. In 1768, Stockton had his first taste of government service when he was elevated to a seat in the New Jersey Provincial Council; he was later (1774) appointed to the provincial New Jersey Supreme Court. It had been a long and muddy ride from Princeton, they had been caught in a violent thunderstorm, and their clothes were soaking wet. The Witherspoon Institute is an independent research center that works to enhance public understanding of the moral foundations of free and democratic societies. Login to find your connection. John Witherspoon was a Pastor, President of Princeton and signer of the Declaration of Independence. He also obtained a Master of Arts from the University of Edinburgh in 1739. He argued that the colonies should be represented in the Parliament. Politically active, Witherspoon was a delegate from New Jersey to the Second Continental Congress and a signatory to the July 4, 1776, Declaration of Independence. They knew they were committing high treason against the Crown and that the penalty for doing so was death by hanging. As the College's primary occupation at the time was training ministers, Witherspoon became a leader of the early Presbyterian church in America. As president of the College of New Jersey (1768-94; now Princeton University), he trained many leaders of the early nation and was the only active clergyman and the only college president to sign the Declaration. A son-in-law was Congressman David Ramsay, who married Frances Witherspoon on 18 March 1783. The settled opinion among the American founding fathers, including Dr. Witherspoon, was that slavery would eventually disappear naturally within a generation. For this reason, Rev. [7] He attended the Haddington Grammar School and obtained a Master of Arts from the University of Edinburgh in 1739. John is 15 degrees from Margaret Atwood, 18 degrees from Jim Carrey, 16 degrees from Elsie Knott, 19 degrees from Gordon Lightfoot, 20 degrees from Alton Parker, 22 degrees from Beatrice Tillman, 18 degrees from Jenny Trout, 18 degrees from Justin Trudeau, 19 degrees from Edwin Boyd, 16 degrees from Barbara Hanley, 25 degrees from Fanny Rosenfeld and 17 degrees from Cathryn Hondros on our single family tree. There must be no pulling different ways; we must all hang together." In council he was wise and firm, but always prudent and moderateThe office of Judge of the province was never filled with more integrity and learning that it was by him for several years before the revolution. He is co-editor of the Encyclopedia of the First Amendment. Of particular interest to Witherspoon was the Crown's growing interference in the local and colonial affairs which previously had been the prerogatives and rights of the American authorities. Upon his arrival, Witherspoon found the school in debt, with weak instruction, and a library collection which clearly failed to meet student needs. Birth of Richard Stockton, Signer of "The Decla Signer of Declaration of IndependenceDelegate to Continental Congress, Signer Declaration of Independence. From Antigua they moved to Darby, Pennsylvania where Annis was born in 1736, then moved to Philadelphia where her father established a shop and home next door to Benjamin Franklin. He was a longtime friend of George Washington. He died a pauper in Princeton at the age of 51. Scots Presbyterian minister and a signatory of the United States Declaration of Independence as a representative of New Jersey. [11], On March 7, 1781, The New Jersey Gazette acknowledged his worth to his country: "The ability, dignity, and integrity, with which this gentleman discharged the duties of the several important offices to which he was called by the voice of this country are well known.". Boykin Witherspoon was an early plantation owner in De Soto, South Carolina. Occupation President of the College of New Jersey, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/1156/john-witherspoon. This address, from a person of your refined taste and elegance of expression, affords a pleasure beyond my powers of utterance, and I have only to lament that the hero of your pastoral is not more deserving of your pen; but the circumstance shall be placed among the happiest events of my life. In 1774, he drafted and sent to Lord Dartmouth "a plan of self-government for America, independent of Parliament, without renouncing the Crown." CONTENT MAY BE COPYRIGHTED BY WIKITREE COMMUNITY MEMBERS. Daniel L. Dreisbach, Mark D. Hall, and Jeffry H. Morrison, 11672146. Shortly after he signed the Declaration of Independence, he was taken prisoner by the British. Brother of Sarah Stockton; John "The Elder" Stockton; Hannah Boudinot; Abigail Pintard; Susanna Pintard and 4 others; Reverend Philip Stockton; John Stockton; Rebecca Tennent and Samuel W. Stockton less. While he at first abstained from political concerns, he came to support the revolutionary cause, accepting appointment to the committees of correspondence and safety in early 1776. A rest area on the southbound New Jersey Turnpike, south of Interstate 195, is named after Stockton. During his two pastorates he wrote three well-known works on theology, notably the satire "Ecclesiastical Characteristics" (1753) opposing the philosophical influence of Francis Hutcheson. After the death of Mrs. Witherspoon, the Doctor, at the age of seventy, married a young woman of twenty-three, an alliance which occasioned much gossip and noise in the neighborhood and family circle. Once he was satisfied, the New Jersey delegates voted for Independence. He said that "undaunted resolution was displayed on every countenance.". They understood quite clearly that they were indeed pledging "to each other our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor. Stockton and his wife had six children, four daughters and two sons: Julia Stockton (married to Benjamin Rush, also a signer of the Declaration), Mary, Susan, Richard, Lucius and Abigail. Wrong username or password. As a minister in the church he might have considered it beneficial to claim he was named after his ancestor.. Could you add the son James in the data and then include him in the 1776 project? Unlike some English advocates of religious freedom, Witherspoon was willing to extend such freedom to Roman Catholics, and he believed that the state could encourage good behavior and that religious virtue led to political strength. This ancestor of actress Reese Witherspoon contributed to the education of several high profile Founding Parents of the United States. He can have no right either to take away life, or to make it insupportable by excessive labor. udinot (born Stockton), Abigail Pintard (born Stockton), Susanna Pintard (born Stockton), John Stockton, Rev. Adair, "James Madison", Fame and the Founding Fathers, ed. A member of the five-man drafting committee created immediately after the Lee resolution was introduced, Jefferson had proposed that John Adams of Massachusetts undertake the actual writing of the statement, but Adams declined. Roger Sherman (April 19, 1721 - July 23, 1793) was an American statesman, lawyer, and a Founding Father of the United States.He is the only person to sign four of the great state papers of the United States related to the founding: the Continental Association, Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation, and U.S. Constitution. In 1777, all members of Congress and Washington's Army were required to take the oath of allegiance to the United States. In point of fact, disaster and ruin was the lot for many of the signers. Two years after his parole from prison he developed cancer of the lip that spread to his throat. Stocktons great-grandfather was Richard "The Emigrant" Stockton, 1635-1707, who arrived in Flushing, Long Island, New York, when it was still New Netherland. He also served twice in the New Jersey Legislature, and strongly supported the adoption of the United States Constitution during the New Jersey ratification debates. Miss Montgomery, at an early age, and at the time of his immigration had three sons and two daughters. He said that the task should fall to his rival Jefferson on three counts: "Reason first, you are a Virginian, and Virginia ought to appear at the head of this business. He became a member of the Society of Friends (Quakers) and purchased 2000 acres of land in Burlington, New Jersey. Paisley, Scotland, honored Witherspoon's memory by naming a new street in the town center after him, in honor of his having lived in Paisley for a portion of his adult life. Philadelphia, July 22, 1782. But Philadelphia was 80 miles away and a torrential rainstorm was swamping the region between the two cities. He was never free of pain until he died on February 28, 1781, at his home "Morven. Stockton was given a parole by General Howe in mid January, requiring him to no longer participate in the war effort as was common on both sides. He was the only active clergyman and the only college president to sign the Declaration. He who sustained the debate, and by the force of reasoning demonstrated not only the justice, but the expediency of the measure.. In 1776, the New Jersey delegates to the Congress were holding out against Independence. Annis was descended from French Huguenots; her grandfather fled France at the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685 and settled in New York. One night in Edinburgh, Stockton was attacked by a robber and he defended himself skillfully with a small sword, the surprised and wounded robber fled. As to the first it seems to be only that the master has a right to the labors and ingenuity of the servant for a limited time, or at most for life. The College of New Jersey needed a first rate scholar to serve as its first president. The rebels captured him, imprisoned him in a castle, and threatened to kill him. Trustees of Princeton University. The black gowned students of Princeton surrounded the door to Nassau Hall and cheered as Washington entered. External links:Richard Stockton at the Biographical Directory of the United States CongressBiography by Rev. He resigned his royal appointments and New Jersey elected him to the Continental Congress in June 1776. The passage of the Stamp Act of 1765 had infuriated many wealthy and influential colonists, and was responsible for beginning the storm that settled over that historic assembly in Philadelphia in July 1776. Tonight there was to be no rest for this weary patriot. In colonial American, the best educated men were often found in the clergy. The Richard Stockton College of New Jersey is named in his honor. He spoke often in concurrence; helped draft the Articles of Confederation; helped organize the executive departments; played a major role in shaping public policy; and drew up the instructions for the peace commissioners. Biography of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence, Vol 3, p.115Glynn, His Sacred Honor Judge Richard Stockton a signer of the Declaration of Independence, 2006, page 197Patriots of the American Revolution, May/June 2010, Vol 3, Issue 3. Doctor Samuel Finley at Nottingham Academy in Maryland, and then attended the College of New Jersey at Newark graduating in 1748 before the college relocated to Princeton. Born February 5, 1723 (Gifford, Scotland) Died November 15, 1794 (Princeton, New Jersey) Protestant theologian, educator. Dreading the possibility of war, on December 12, 1774; he drew up and sent to Lord Dartmouth, Secretary for the Colonies An Expedient for the Settlement of the American Disputes, a plan for self-government of America, independent of Parliament but owing allegiance to the Crown. In November 1777, as British forces neared, Witherspoon closed and evacuated the College of New Jersey. From 1758 to 1768, he was minister of the Laigh Kirk, Paisley (Low Kirk). ", William Ellery of Rhode Island deliberately moved close to the signing table "to see how they all looked as they signed what might be their death warrants." Richard Stockton, was denuded of its library and furniture." John Adams Signer of the Declaration of Independence 2nd President of the United States of America An 19th century biography of this signer of the Declaration of Independence, including a handwriting sample, illustration, and student publishing opportunities They were moral men, and all men of integrity who had been welded together in a common purpose. In Scotland, his personal efforts resulted in the acceptance of the presidency of the College by the Reverend John Witherspoon. Witherspoon had suffered eye injuries and was blind by 1792. John C. Witherspoon was the Calvinist preacher, President of Princeton College, and signer of the Declaration of Independence. She was a close friend and favorite correspondent of General George Washington. Username and password are case sensitive. Twelve thousand men camped on his fields-during the growing season. Reverend Samuel Smith succeeded Dr. Witherspoon as president of Princeton in 1775. This painting by artist John Trumbull depicts the moment on June 28, 1776, when the first draft of the Declaration of Independence was presented to the Second Continental Congress. In answer to an objection that the country was not yet ready for independence, according to tradition he replied that it "was not only ripe for the measure, but in danger of rotting for the want of it.". After the Revolutionary War, he continued to serve as President of the College of New Jersey, but spend several years working to rebuild the college. He was not much concerned with politics, but applied his talents and person to the revolutionary cause when the day came. The Presbyterian Constitution of 1787 to which Witherspoon contributed removed provisions from the earlier Westminster Confession that allowed magistrates to suppress blasphemies and heresies, and the U.S. Constitution denied the power of the state to intervene in matters of religious faith (Morrison, 2005: 108). See more ideas about john witherspoon, declaration of independence, stone barns. John Witherspoon brought some impressive credentials and a measure of public acclaim with him when he joined the colonies in 1768, as president of the College of New Jersey (now Princeton). Arms, as a last resort, must decide the contest.". Park Service 1973Glynn, John C. & Kathryn Glynn, His Sacred Honor Judge Richard Stockton A Signer of the Declaration of Independence. Died on November 15, 1794 in Near Princeton, New Jersey, USA , United States. Because of the parole document Stockton signed with General Howe to gain his freedom, and giving his word of honor not to meddle in the war (required to be given a parole), Stockton resigned from Congress. At age 13, he entered college . In Princeton today, a University dormitory built in 1877, the street running north from the University's main gate, and the local public middle school all bear his name. Born in Scotland, John lived there for the first half of his adult life, marrying and having children there, and becoming a Presbyterian minister. "John Witherspoon." Exhausted, racked by cancer, Rodney set out after dusk and rode all night through the pouring rain and the crashing thunder, stopping only long enough to change horses. In this connection it may be noted that in 1790 President Witherspoon, while a member of the New Jersey Legislature, was chairman of a committee on the abolition of slavery in the state, and brought in a report advising no action, on the ground that the law already forbade the importation of slaves and encouraged voluntary manumission. John Knox Witherspoon was born at Gifford, a parish of Yester, at East Lothian . Papers: 1766-1784, 32 items. Her father Elias Boudinot Sr, apprenticed as a silversmith and merchant, then traveled to the West Indies to run a plantation. Jan l8, 21, 22, 29, Feb 7, 1777, Tatum, ed., Jour. He studied law with David Ogden of Newark. On July 1, 1776, Richard Stockton and his good friend Rev. The Institute was founded in 2003 by Princeton University professor and conservative Robert P. George, Luis Tellez, and others involved with the James Madison Program in American Ideals and Institutions. He was 71 when he died. Stockton served the College, afterwards known as Princeton University, as a trustee 26 years. In 1763 he received the degree of Sergeant at law the highest degree of law at that time. Accounts indicate that, despite clear instruction, Justice Stockton wished to hear the arguments on either side of the issue. Reason second, I am obnoxious, suspected, and unpopular; you are very much otherwise. When he was finally freed, in a prisoner exchange, he was an invalid who died a short time later at the age of 51. Although Witherspoon can be heavily credited in the expansion and progression of the University, his ownership ties to the enslavement of Black people in America have caused for an internal Princeton petition to the CPUC Committee on Naming at Princeton University and President Eisgruber for the removal of his statue that currently stands in Firestone Plaza on campus. Conditions were horrific in prison where over 12,000 men died in prison ships and prisons in New York compared with 4,435 battle casualties during the entire war. The New York signers - William Floyd, Philip Livingston, Francis Lewis, and Lewis Morris - were particularly vulnerable to British retaliation. His handsome features and highly polished manners made him very popular. Richard and Hannah were brother and sister, making Richard Stockton's (born 1730) parents 1st cousins.[12]. He immediately began fund-raisinglocally and back home in Scotlandadded three hundred of his own books to the library, and began purchasing scientific equipment including the Rittenhouse orrery, many maps, and a terrestrial globe. View Transcript The Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. Then, on June 7th, Richard Henry Lee put this resolution before the Congress: "RESOLVED, That these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States, that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved.". Sold June 4, 2008, in Printed & Manuscript Americana for $132,000. His losses cannot amount to less than five thousand pounds. Stocktons library one of the finest in the colonies was burned and he was forced to accept help from his family and friends to survive. Witherspoon has claimed descent from Scottish-born John Witherspoon, who signed the United States Declaration of Independence; however, this claim has not been verified by the Society of the Descendants of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence genealogists. John Hart, at the insistence of his dying wife, finally left her bedside to flee as a party of Hessians approached his farm. One of Reese ancestors, John Witherspoon, was one of those who signed the Declaration of Independence. Witherspoon immediately declared "It is not only ripe for the measure, but in danger of rotting for the want of it." explains the conversion of the young Virginian to the philosophy of the Enlightenment."[27]. New England was unanimously for independence. "Let my trade perish. DAR Ancestor # A127172. Had you known the pleasure it would have communicated, I flatter myself, your diffidence would not have delayed it to this time. -----------------------------------------------------------------. His most prominent students were Aaron Burr and James Madison. A Reading | On July 1st the colonies, balloting according to a majority of each delegation, approved the Lee resolution by a vote of 9-2, with South Carolina and Pennsylvania opposed, Delaware deadlocked and New York abstaining. At Princeton, he mentored constitutional architect James Madison; as a New Jersey delegate to the Continental Congress, he was the only clergyman to sign the Declaration of Independence. He was a member of the New Jersey convention that ratified the US Constitution, making New Jersey the third state to approve the Constitution. His philosophy was relatively pragmatic and blended well with the classical liberal strains of political thought advocated in his day. Fleming H. Revell Company: 1906. Witherspoon is not quite the hick she makes herself out to be, at least offscreen. Whenever I can serve my native country, I leave no occasion untried. He frequently attended Westminster Hall and advised all who would listen that the colonies would never submit to be taxed by the British parliament without representation. The ink was hardly dry on the Declaration of Independence when General William Howe landed 25,000 British soldiers on Long Island and inflicted nearly 20 percent casualties on the Continental Army in a battle on August 27th. His son, Commodore Robert Field Stockton, was a hero of the War of 1812, and in 1846 became the Military Governor of California and later a Senator from New Jersey. Richard Stockton was betrayed by a loyalist and seized by the British, who subjected him to beatings and starvation. Consistent with his Presbyterian theology, Witherspoon believed that God was the author of freedom, and he did not think that the state, which was administered by imperfect individuals, had the right to dictate personal religious beliefs. John Witherspoon (February 5, 1723 November 15, 1794) was a Scottish-American Presbyterian minister, educator, farmer, slaveholder, and a Founding Father of the United States. Dr. Witherspoon was born in Georgia and served as a lieutenant in the United States Army Reserve. An error has occured while loading the map. In John Trumbull's famous painting Declaration of Independence, Witherspoon is among those shown in the background facing the large table, the second seated figure from the viewer's right. Geography dictated the voting order among the delegates to the Second Continental Congress. He married Elizabeth Montgomery on 2 September 1748, in Scotland, United Kingdom. A statue of Richard Stockton by Henry Kirke Brown. Encyclopedia Table of Contents | Case Collections | Academic Freedom | Recent News, John Witherspoon, an early convert to the Patriot cause, was president of the College of New Jersey (today's Princeton University) and the only clergyman to sign the Declaration of Independence. However, in this framework, non-Christian societies could have virtue, which, by his definition, could be found in natural law. Here were the elite of the 18th century America, but few were elitist. In August 2021, the Princeton School Board voted to remove John Witherspoon's name from the local public middle school due to Witherspoon's history as a slave owner who opposed abolition. His wife was poet Annis Boudinot Stockton, sister of New Jersey statesman Elias Boudinot. This is the same day, just the difference between the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Hancock is also reported to have said that "we must be unanimous. John attended the preparatory school in Haddington Scotland. In answer to an objection that the country was not yet ready for independence, according to tradition he replied that it "was not only ripe for the measure, but in danger of rotting for the want of it."[20][21]. Moses Coit Tyler "President Witherspoon in the American Revolution" The American Historical Review Volume 1, Issue 1, July 1896. pp. [8] In 1764, he was awarded an honorary doctoral degree in divinity by the University of St Andrews.[9]. Behind that fleet were all the wealth and power of the British Empire. The map below shows the places where the ancestors of the famous person lived. "John Witherspoon." He died on his farm, "Tusculum," just outside of Princeton in November of 1794, a man much honored and beloved by his adopted countrymen. John Witherspoon was an American Founding Father, a noted clergyman, and an educator.He played an influential role in his home country of Scotland and in his adopted country, the United States.Witherspoon was the only clergyman to sign the Declaration of . Five months after signing the Declaration, the British burned his library. A graduate of the University of Edinburgh, he gained a reputation in the Church of Scotland as a leader of the left-wing "Popular Party," and his works made him well-known in the American colonies. in Gifford, East Lothian, Scotland , United Kingdom, Died on November 15, 1794 The other New York signer, Lewis Morris, lost his magnificent estate, "Morrisania", which was sacked and burned. Stockton's treatment in the New York prison prompted Continental Congress to pass a resolution directing George Washington to inquire into the circumstances and not long afterward, Stockton was paroled on January 13, 1777. John Witherspoon (1723-1794) was a Scottish-born American Presbyterian divine and educator. 1898, Page 18Corner, George W. The Autobiography of Benjamin Rush. Yet he so conducted himself that Benjamin Rush of Pennsylvania said of Morris that "every attachment of his heart yielded to his love of his country.". Dr. Witherspoon enjoyed great success at the College of New Jersey. Ramsay, the celebrated historian. He met with Edmund Burke, the Earl of Chatham, and many other distinguished members of Parliament who were friendly to the American Colonies. John Hancock of Massachusetts, the president of the Congress, had been the first to sign. Persuaded by Stockton and Benjamin Rush (a medical student in Edinburgh) Witherspoon accepted and became the president of the College, and ten years later signed the Declaration of Independence alongside Stockton and Dr. Benjamin Rush (then Stocktons son-in-law). Many referred to it as the "Presbyterian Rebellion" and a Hessian soldier wrote, "America-call this war dearest friend by whatever name you may, only call it not an American Rebellion. Joseph Hewes died in 1779, literally from overwork, a lonely man separated by principle from his Quaker friends and family. When John Witherspoon was born on 5 February 1722, in Gifford, Yester, East Lothian, Scotland, United Kingdom, his father, James Alexander Witherspoon III, was 31 and his mother, Anna Walker, was 25. On July 2, 1776, the day of the vote on independence, another delegate claimed that America wasn't yet ripe enough for independence. His 1776 sermon "The Dominion of Providence over the Passions of Men" was published in many editions, and he was elected to the Continental Congress as part of the New Jersey delegation. He turned it into a very successful institution, and was a very popular man as a result. Please try again. Parades and demonstrations, patriotic observances and celebrations, were held across the states. They were the parents of at least 6 sons and 3 daughters. Witherspoon, in accordance with the Scottish moral sense philosophy, taught that all human beings, Christian or otherwise, could be virtuous, but he was nonetheless committed to Christianity as the only route to personal salvation. Washington ordered his forces to withdraw and the Redcoats laid waste to most of the countryside, destroying in the process homes and lands of the four who signed for New York. Mailer, Gideon. He was captured there November 30, 1776, by loyalists in the dead of night, drug from his bed and marched in freezing weather clad only in a nightshirt and breeches. Christian Witherspoon (bap Beith, Ayrshire 14 August 1750), Barbra Witherspoons (bap Beith, Ayrshire 20 February 1756), John Witherspoon (bap Beith, Ayrshire 29 July 1757), George Witherspoon (31 Mar 1762-27 July 1762), WikiTree profile Witherspoon-160 created through the import of Maltby master 08282011.GED on Aug 30, 2011 by. Dr. He quickly sided with the patriots who favored independence, and in June 1776, he was elected to Congress. In the last years of life he suffered injuries, first to one eye then the other, becoming totally blind two years before his death. , this Livingston petitioned the New Jersey Laigh Kirk, Paisley ( Low Kirk ) of 51 out to,. His day D. Hall, and Lewis Morris - were particularly vulnerable to British retaliation side! Colonial American, the New Jersey delegates to the United States 2000 acres of land in Burlington, New needed... 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